Iliotibial band syndrome is due to inflammation of the iliotibial band, a thick band of fibrous tissue that runs down the outside of the leg. The iliotibial band begins at the hip and extends to the outer side of the shin bone (tibia) just below the knee joint. The band functions in coordination with several of the thigh muscles to provide stability to the outside of the knee joint.
What is iliotibial band syndrome?
Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) occurs when there is
irritation to this band of fibrous tissue. The irritation
usually occurs over the outside of the knee joint, at the
lateral epicondyle--the end of the femur (thigh) bone. The
iliotibial band crosses bone and muscle at this point;
between these structures is a bursa which should facilitate
a smooth gliding motion. However, when inflamed, the
iliotibial band does not glide easily, and pain associated
with movement is the result.
What are the symptoms of iliotibial band syndrome?
As stated previously, the function of the iliotibial band is
both to provide stability to the knee and to assist in
flexion of the knee joint. When irritated, movement of the
knee joint becomes painful. Usually the pain worsens with
continued movement, and resolves with rest.
Why did I get iliotibial band syndrome?
People who suddenly increase their level of activity, such
as runners who increase their mileage, often develop
iliotibial band syndrome. Others who are prone to ITBS
include individuals with mechanical problems of their gait
such as people who overpronate, have leg length
discrepancies, or are bow-legged.
What is the treatment for iliotibial band syndrome?
Treatment of ITBS begins with
proper footwear,
icing the area of pain, and a
stretching routine. Limiting excessive training, resting
for a period of time, and incorporating low-impact
cross-training activities may also help.
Anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed by your
doctor to help decrease the inflammatory response around the
area of irritation. If these treatments do not solve the
problem,
working with a physical therapist to develop a more
focused stretching and strengthening routine may help.
Cortisone injection into the area of inflammation may
also be attempted, usually after these other treatments
fail. If all else fails, surgery is an option, but only in
very rare circumstances.